Steam-turbine.



No". 867,611. PATENTED 001'. 8,1907.

R. gC-HULZ. STEAM TURBINE. I

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 6Q 1906.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1';

No. 867,611. PATENTED OCT. 8, 1907.

R. SGHULZ.

STEAM TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 6, 1906.

4 SHEET S-SHEET 2.

A I A S 0 z w z PATENTED OCT. 8, 1907 R. SGHUL'Z. STEAM TURBINE. APPLICATION FILED MAR. 6, 1906.

4 firms-$113M s.

W'Zwwaes I No. 867,611. v

\ R. SGHULZ.

' STEAM TURBINE.

APPLIOATION PILED' MAR. 6, 1906.

PATBNTED OUT. 8, 1907.

4 SHEETSSHEET 4.

WKZZZ eJJ UNITED e1 ltlOliARl) SUHULZ, OF BERLIN, GERMANY.

STEAM-TURBINE following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such will enable others skilled in the art to which it appcrtains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters or figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates .to impact steam turbines having one or more pressure stages and more particularly to the construction of guide apparatus i. e. the element containing the nozzles nether the turbine be of the axial or radial type and the invention has for its object to construct the nozzle containing element of a plurality of parts as hereinafter described, whereby these nozzles can be more readilyshaped and constructed; the nozzles be given a different form of exit or entrance or both without reconstructing the turbine; the stea be directed and controlled or en-' tiroly cut off and which at the same time will peimit the use of a standard part for several forms of nozzles with or without various forms for controlling the passage of steam through them as will hereinafter more fully appear.

Referring to the'drawings, in which like parts are similarly designated.Figure l is a nozzle or steam channel containing element for the first stage of pressure in an axial impulse turbine in longitudinal sectionof the latter; Figs. 1 to 4 and 1' to 4 show various forms of joint between theparts of a two-part clement containing the steam passages or nozzles. Figs. 2 and 3; are substantially horizontal sections through a two-part nozzle containing element for the first and second pressure stage. Fig. 4 is a view partly in elevation and partly in vertical longitudinal section showing the-nozzle for several pressure stages in an axial turbine. 5 is a like view through a radial impact turbine. Fig. 6 shows the fixed and a movable part of the nozzle containing element of an impact turbine steam being supplied at two points of the circumference of the wheel. Figs. 7 and 8 show two forms in horizontal section of the fixed and movable part of the nozzle, containing element. Fig. 9 is an elevation of the. fixed part of a nozzle containing element. Fig. 10 is a like View of the movable supplementary part of said element. Fig. 11 is a view, partly in,section and partly in elevation, showing means for holding the supplementary part or ring of the nozzle containihg element in operative position. Figs. 1111 show in section through the channels some ways of'arranging an auxiliary ring.

' Figs. 12 and 13 are like views showing modifications.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed March 6, 1906. Serial No. 304,621.

Patented Oct. 8, 1907.

' Figs. 14 and '15 show in longitudinal and. .in a substantially horlzont'al section respectively the, three-part nozzle containing element. Figs. 16, 17 and 17 are modifications illustrating means for moving the part containing the exit end of the nozzles and independent valves for controlling the inlet of steam. -Figs.'

18 to 22 are sectional views of various forms of steam channels or nozzles. Figs. 23 to 25 are sectional views showing independent slide valves controlling the steam channels or nozzles. Figs. 26 to 28 are like views showing another form of valve.

In the drawings 0 indicates the casing of the turbine, B a removable end cover and G the partitions dividing the casing 0 into chambers N in which the turbine wheels rotate, the partitions in an axial impact turbine providing the means for causing the steam to expand in stages and having a crown containing the nozzles.

Steam is supplied from a steam inlet chamberL, Figs. 4 and 5 formedon the end cover Bat the inlet side of the turbine from which the steam passes through nozzles or steam channels into the first chamber N con taining the turbine wheel 50 on which it acts by impact, the steam being expanded in the nozzles. These nozzles may be uniformly distributed around the circumference or they may be arranged in sets symmetrically in a circle to cause the steam to act on the blades of the wheel and rotate the latter.

Now in each 'of the partitions C and onthe end cover B near the peripheries thereof are situated the nozzles forming the nozzle crown and it is the construction of this nozzle crown that forms an independent part of this invention. It will thus be seen that besides many advantages ofoperation of such a construction, the manufacture of the nozzle crowns is very greatly facilitated since the steam channels can he cut by a milling tool for instance.

In all the examples the fixed rim mounted on the cover B or the partition O is indicated by A and the supplementary part which appears separated by a fitting joint (see joint lines t t in-Figs. 14 by A Where the entrance portion a of the nozzle is made on one part and the exit portion made on another, one ofthe parts can be made movable with respect to the other, see Figs. 6 to 15 so that they act valve-like, one with respectto the other to increase and diminish the opening in the nozzle. Also the supplementary removable part A may be made of other metal than the fixed part A. When it is desirable,- one of the parts may be removed in order to substitute another having a different form or length of entrance or exit or both may be changed into a three-part nozzle crown as illustrated in Figs. 14 and 15.

The movable part of the crown can be so made as to partially or completely out off the steam passage when moved with respect to the stationary fixed part,

and A thereof being indicatcd by the heavy as sh wa in Figsr land 8,. Where theisuppleinentary, part .1. consisting of a ring 'orring piece is movable relatively tothe iix'edrpartor riinA. Thus it will be seon'that the'iall of the steam ,pres sure the speed of rotation, power, etc. of such a machine -can be readily controlled, especially when the steam is supplied 'by' one or. more groups f-nozzles arranged near the periphery of the turbine wheels."

One partoi thecrown in every case-such as the'part;

A forms'a part of-the fixed stationary inomberh ort the other p artor parts A A is or are fitted thereto, 1 whether the nozzle" be a two or threc-part nozzle and Whether this fitted part be fixed or inovable. v

Ininaking-thenozzle crown in two parts there may: be va'r'iousforms-o'f.surlacesibetween 'the parts of the nozzle-crown, the line of juncture between the parts A v V line t..-t, Figsolt l 2 2,.' 3", 3 4 and 4 InFigs. 1 and ;l the line of separation L 'l or the division hetweenthe pa'rtsA and A of the nozzle. crown is both longitudinally of and. transverscly to the nozzles. The two opposite nozzle Watlls nearest. to or farthest away from the turbine shalt are designated theinner and the outer wallrespectively. the other two opposite walls being the side walls.

' Each of the-parts A and A. carriesa portion of the side walls of the nozzles, so-that the side walls can readily begiv' en (lesired'shape by nieans'of a milling tool.

' the sidewall portions a and b between ad jaccnt nozzles".

stand comb-like: from part with which they areintegra p Ac ding to the drax'vi'ngs theientranee portion a the steam ch arinels as tuned portions'b (axially measured).

. InfFigs. 2-. a nd 2 only the exit end of the nozzleis so formed that'a lportiontb o f the sid'e walls between the adjacent nozzles iorrn conib l ik teeth with the supplemeiftarypart with which they are integral.

Fig. 3Fthe 1whole oil-the side walls are f0rn'ied inte-i gralwith the fixed rim A and in-Fig'. 3 with'the part A while in Fig.4 the entrance portions a only form toothlike projections from the fixed rim A and in Fig. 4

' nozzles being theyare formed. onthe supplementarypart A. I In theexarnple'oi construction shown in Fig. 1, as in other examples, the supplementary ring A contains steam channels E which lorm [togetherwith the chan nels F of. the fixedlriiniAmoi nted on the casing cover 13 the steam channels (nozzles). I The ring A containing the exit portions of'the channels is providedwith a rackor equivalent device- 53 operated bya pinion or the like 54 moved by a spindle 55, theconstruetion of the similar to that showlnin FigfZ". where A slides on A. i I

InFig. 2; thenozzlesjfor -the stearn of the first stage of expansion are sh0wn each nozzletheing provided With a valve seat or nipple 56, 'scre'wed'or otherwise fitted into the entrance portion F ofthe nozzle and a valve V seating on or-in the seat, whereby any one of these nozzles can be cut off independently of. the othersandstill a simultaneous control of the remaining nozzles be maintained by nieansof lthe slidablc sup;-

plementary part-A. I

In Fig.3 a like arrangement, omitting the independent valves V, for the nozzles of the subsequent pressure stage is shown.

. 't. to be longer than the exit f The structures'of Figs. 2 and 3 are shown embodied in the turbine, Fig.4, where A is the fixed stationary part of the nozzle crown and A is-the removable part that. may or may not. be movable. The removable supplementary part A of the nozzle crown .is shown as held. iii place by set screws S, Fig. 4, illustrates the.

arrangement corresponding to Fig.- 1 in a radial flow steam turbine. 'inclosed by'the stationary rim mounted on the casing Here the supplementary ring A is cover B. j InFig. 6 I have shown an cleva t-ion oi one of the intermediate partitions C which separate the chambers .50, 5 land' 52 from one another, said partition having two groups D of channels F at diametrically opposite places of the crown A, the latter beiiigfiXed and stationary.. For each group is arranged a supplementary ring segment A provided with a worm rack engaged by a worm G mounted in the casing (7)..

' Each ring segment A has for about half its length a group D of channels E corresponding to the channels F in the fixed rim A. By turning the ring segment. A

t-hc channels F in the rim A may be covered by the cut-off face of the webs separating the channels of the ring segment A in a largcr or smaller number, or all if desired. 7 The two ring pieces A may also be connected with one another in order to only render necessary one device for turning them.

As show-i1 in the example in Fig. 7 with a suitable form of the steam channels a regulation may also be obtained-,.if the cut-off faces of the webs 5S bctwccn'- the channels E of the one group in the segment A are .allowed' to cover'more' or less the channels of the other group in the fixed rim A. The proportion of the inlet,

and outlet apertures may here easily bealtercd and therewith the expansion of the steam in the nozzles.

This is of great val'ue,' when the turbines work with only small power and when it is desired to fully utilize the boiler pressure. lf on the other hand for a certain time ahigher boiler pressure is available for certain work thej given drop of pressure may be fullyutilizcd.

If it be desired to be able to completely" close the steamchannels or nozzles, as shown in Fig. 8 the webs I 59 separating the channels E oi the ring segment A must correspondingly be made broader.

-In Fig. 9 I have shown a partition Gprovided in its crown or fixed ri1n A' with three groups D of entrance channels F and in"F-ig. lO- a, complete ring A that cooperates therewith" and contains the exit portions E 01' the steam channels arranged in corresponding groups and each group composedof three sets D D and I), each set of a group having a different form of exit channels. Tl'iese channels may be of different form and dimension in such a way that according as one or other of the sets D D or D are brought into'action, analter- .ation of the number of revolutions, or the drop of steam pressure or the power exerted is-rcndered possible.

Tn Fig. 11 the'part A which is separated from A in the manner shown by the junction line t I. in Fig. 2" and in' Fig. 12, thegpart/A is separated from A in the manner shown by'the junction line t L in Fig. 4'. Each of the parts A in these two figures is provided with a worm rack H operated by a worm G and is hold firmly on its seat at the fixed rim A by set screws S alter it. has been set hy'thc worm G.

In Figs 11, 11 and ll 1 have shown an auxiliary ring a; which is preferably constructed of better mate rial and forms the wearing surface'of the movable part A containing the exit portion of the steam channels.

In Fig. 13, the two parts A and A are shown held together by means of rivets 60. In this case as also in Figs. 3and 3 when the division betweenthe parts AA is only longitudinally ofthenozzles a regulation ofthe steam is "not'possible, but the sections of the nozzle crown can be made in segmental pieces, thereby facilitating their manufacture.

With a suitable radial division of the removable parts of the crown these can 'readily-lbe removed.after first taking off the upper half oi the turbine case and can be replaced by parts having like or differently shaped steam passages as desired without removing thetur:

' bine wheels 50, 51, etc/Fig. 4.

In Figs; 1s and 15, there are shown twosupplementary nozzle crown parts A and A the one A atthe rear or exitside of the stationary partition 0 and the other A at the entrance side thereof, both being ad justable' by worms G and G and held in place by setscrews S. In Fig. 15 the ring or partial ring A has i such position asto close the nozzle D while the nozzles D .D are-open. When a lesser number of nozzles are to be used by means of the ring A they may be cut off in succession from the set, thereby preventingthe increased steam friction, loss due to eddies and the like.

It may be stated, that two parts A A serving as slides are preferable for one or other stage of pressure of an'impact steam turbine inasmuch as the turning of both does not always merely cause a diminution or enlargement of the steam'passage,.but also a displacement of the steam course in a tangential direction by the steam taking itsshortest course from the nozzles of a pressure stage.

In Figs. 16, 17 and17 I have shown a supplemen tary ring piece.A for the nozzles supplying the first turbine wheel in an axial turbine, this segment being provided with a slot 61 in which takes the crank pin K on the end of a spindle M whose squared outer end L carries an indicator hand Z movable with relation to a fixed scale W, whereby the degree of closure or the degree of movement of the exit portion of the nozzles in the ring piece A can be indicated and by means of which all the nozzles can be quickly adjusted. Valves V similar to those in Fig. 2 are also provided for the en-.

trance portion of the nozzles.

Q As the ring piece Af only requires to describe a short course to effect the re lation this may 'preferably take place by means of a governor which on theturbine running away rapidly causes the ring piece-A to close.

In Figs. 19 and 20 showing sections respectively in a tangential andradial direction through a nozzle the exit portions b of the side walls diverge in the direction .of movement of the steam, while the inner and outer wall of the nozzle converge (Fig. 20), in Fig. 21 the latter walls are paralleland inFig -22 they also diverge 'In such an arrangement the steam :jets from several adjacent nozzles to which varying forms may be given may combine into a common-steam jet. At the exit portion 1). (Figs. 19 and 20) of the n'ozzlesthe steam jet becomes in dial direction (Fig/20) narrower in 'tan g'ential direc on (Fig. 19) broader, so the steam jets encounter one another and obtain still denser condiand slidable in relation to thefstationary ring.

The side walls of the nozzles do not require to be uniform at the exit portion, but may, for instance have a parabolic form as shown in Fig. 18.

In Figs. 23, 24 and 25 I have shown slide valves s seated in recesses on the back of part A and that are moved radiallyby the hand wheel nuts s-' acting on the threaded stems s of the valves 3, each hand wheel nut s'- bearing on a glands the valves having their seats on the front of the supplementary part A.

In Figs. 26, 27 and 28 flap valves k are shown turned by handle it on the spindle lc passing through the gland 10 Such arrangements are. preferably used for the nozzles of the last stage or stages of expansion.

The ring A is movable with respect to A so that when.

the valves are opened a regulation of the width of the steam passages through the nozzles may takeplace.

In Fig. 25 there are exit portions of several nozzles directed at angles approaching one another, whereby several streams may be united into one to act more nearly at a single point 'on the turbine wheel.

The described division of the nozzlecontaining element' affords the further advantage that a part of the same may be replaced without great cost; As fixed or stationary'part of the element is selected the one which .is leastexposed to wear and has least influence upon the correct leading of the steam streams. It is also essential that the removable part may made as already said of other metal than the fixed part which is desirable'in view of reduced wear and the possibility-of rapid alteration of the steam channels or nozzles of the elements.

'1. In a parallel flow turbine, a nozzle containing element ating when assembled-in juxtaposition to form complete nozzles.

3. In a parallel flow turbine, a composite nozzle ring comprising a main part containing a portion of the length of the nozzles and a completing ring containing the remaind'er of the length of the nozzles and fitted to the main part,

whereby each part can be separately finished and assem bledin juxtaposition to form the complete nozzle rings.

, 4. In a steam turbine, a nozzle containing element comprising a statiopary part, and a movable I part slidable thereon and containing the exit ends ofthe nozzles.

5. in a steamturhlne, a nozzle containing element comprising a stationary middle part, and a part on each side "thereof, one containing the exit and the other the entering ends of the nozzles. p

6, In a steam turbine, a nozzle containing element comprising a middle part containing the bodies of the nozzles,-

a part containing the'exit ends of the nozzles and a part containing the entering ends .of the nozzles, both of -the'last named. parts slidable on the middle part.

7. In a'stea'm'turblne, a nozzle containing element comprising a middle stationary .p'artand sliding parts in juxtaposition thereto, seineoif said p'arts having portions of the side walls of the steam nozzles as conib like projections.

- 8;; In a parnllehflowsteam turbine, a'stationary nozzlering in which the nozzles are arranged in groups,the comblnation of a 'slidable' ring coiiperatlngthe'rewithand hav lngone end of the nozzles arranged: in like groups therein to successively close the passages in the stationary part &

.9. In a steam turbine, the combination with a stationary nozzle part in which the nozzles are arranged in groups, of an element carrying the exit-ends'of the nozzles arranged iii-similar groups, and each group divided into sets. v

10. In a steam turbine, the combination with a'stationary nozzle part in which the nozzles are arranged in groups, of a movable element having the exit ends of the nozzles arranged in similar groups, each group diyided into sets, each set of exit ends being dilterent from the other sets of the group and means tomove the movable element to bring a set of nozzles into cooperation with the nozzle portions in the stationary part.

11.. In a steam turbine, the combination with Ftmiddle stationary nozzle part in which the nozzles are arranged in groups, of a movable element having the exit ends of the nozzles arranged in similar groups and each group divided into sets and each set of nozzle ends differing in form and direction from those in the other set or sets, a rack on the movable part and a worm to operate said part in relation to the stationary part.

12 A no'zzle containing element comprising a plurality of parts, one of which is stationary, the division between the parts heinghoth longitudinally of and transversely to the nozzles, one of the parts having only portions of the side walls of the nozzles.

13. In a parallel flow steam turbine, a composite nozzle containing ring comprising a stationary part containing steam passages, a movable ring having steam passages to complete the nozzles capable of registering with-those in the stationary part and means to move the movable ring the two parts arranged side by side to form the complete parallel flow nozzle.

14. A nozzle containing element comprising a stationary and a movable 'part, each part containing portions of the' steam passages and an indcpendent valve for each steam passage.

15. In a parallel flow turbine, a composite nozzle having a main portion containing the entrance ends, the body portions and a part of the exit ends of the nozzles and a cooperating part to complete the formation of the nozzles at their exit ends.

16. In a steam turbine, the combination with the casing. a stationary element containing a portion of each steam passage, of a removable element containing also a portion of the steam passages and seated thereon, and set: screws passing through the casing and engaging the removable element.

17. In a steam turbine, the combination with the casing. of a nozzle crown for the first stage of expansion compoual of two parts, one of which has side walls of the nozzles formed comb-like thereon and independent valves to emtrol' each nozzle entrance.

18. In a steam turbine, the combination with a c sing. of a nozzle crown for the first stage of expansion h. ving a fixed and a removable part. both parts containing portions of the steam passages, an independent valve to control the passage of steam to each nozzle, a nozzle eontainlpg element for intermediate stages of expansion comprising a stationary part and a slidable part, one of the last named parts having the side walls of the nozzles formed of comb-like projections thereon and inclined set screws through the turbine casing to hold the sliding part on the stationary part.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention. I have signed my name in presence of two subscribing vrit; nesses.

RlJiIAltD SCIIULZ. Witnesses:

JonAnNns IImN, HENRY Hnsrnn. 

